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3 Sheets-Sheet 1. M. SCOVEL.

STEAM BOILEB.

(N Model.)

Patented July 19, 1892.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

M. SCOVEL.

, STEAM BOILBR.

No. 479,023.v v Patented July 19, 1892.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3` M. SCOVEL.

STEAM BOILER.

`No. 479,023. Patented July 19, 1892.

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MINOR SOOVEL, OF NEXV YORK, N. Y.

STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 479,023, dated July 19, 1892.

Application filed January 26', 1892. Serial No. 419,320. (No model.)

T0 all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, MINOR SCOVEL, a citi- Zen of the United States, residing at New York, .in the count-y and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improyements in Steam-Boilers, of whichthe following is a specification. l

My invention relates to a new type or system of water-tube steam-boilers. Aside from those governing the character and strength of the materials of construction and those governing the combustion of the fuels in the furnace, the essential principles which Ihave applied practically in my boilers by the novel combinations hereinafter set out may thus be stated: First, the circulation of the water should be continuous and slow from the feed heating and storage space, over all the feed heating and steam-making surfaces, toward and to the steam disengaging and storage space, so directed that every square foot of steam-making surface should receive its full supply of Water and no more, and so controlled that no backfiow or return current of Water shall be set up from the steam disengagmg and storagespace to or toward the feed storage and heating space; second7 the circulation of the water should be continuous and slow and in one direction, all of it passing rst over the feed-heating surfaces, thereaft-er through a mud-drum removed yfrom the action of the lire, and' thence to the steammaklng surfaces, thus making certain the deposltion and convenient the ejection of any sedimentary or scale-making materials contained in the feed-water, and consequently preventing deposits upon the steam-making surfaces, and, third, convenient means of access to the interiors of the drums, tubes, and setting to be provided, so that inspection may be thorough and easy and the substitution of new tubes for defective or damaged tubes may be made possible Without the disturbance of alny other tube or of the brickwork of the setting or of the deiiection plates or Walls.

The means and combinations of parts I have invented and applied are described and illustrated in the following specification and drawings, so as to enable any one skilled in the art to comprehend the same and to construct iny boiler.

Similarletters refer to similar partsthroughout the various views and sections.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of myimproved steam-boiler. Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-section partly on the section-line @c @c and partly on the section-line y y of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of the construction shown in Figs. l' and 2, showing the steam-drum divided into three parts by cross-partitions. Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section of my improvement having two elevated drums connected by a transverse drum. Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-section of the same, partly on the line a: m and partly on the line y y of Fig. Al. Fig. 6 is a vertical longitudinal section of a modification of the construction shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Fig. 7 is a vertical longitudinal section of a modified construction of my improvement in which there are two elevated drums arranged transversely and connected by longitudinal drums. Fig. 8 is a vertical cross-section of the construction shown in Fig. 7, partly on the line ce a: and partly on the line y y. Fig. 9 is a vertical longitudinal section of a modification of the construction shown in Fig. '7.

The parts into which such a type or system of water-tube stearn-boilers must be divided are shown in their simplest form practically available in Figs. l and 2, in which- W is an elevated receptacle or drum with itsinternal space divided into two portions A and O by the partition F, A being the feed heating and storage space, and C the steam disengaging and storage space.

B is a mud-drum on a lower level.

G is a bank of feed-heating water-tubes connecting space A with mud-drum B, and H a bank of water-tubes for steam-making connecting mud-drum B with space O.

L is a steam-outlet; M, any usual firinggrate or furnace structure, and N the outlet to the chimney.

O P, duc., are frames and doors so built iu in the brickwork of the setting that through some one of them or by the use of a pair of them any tube may be removed and replaced Without the disturbance of any other tube or the brickwork of the setting or of the walls or plates T.

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Q Q, dse., are cleaning-doors for access to the interior of the setting.

R is a mud-blow-oll pipe, and S a feed-water-inlet pipe.

T is a plate or Wall to deflect or change the direction of the currents of the gaseous products of combustion.

U is a brickwork iron-stayed and ironfronted setting of convenient style, shape, and strength.

V V, the., are manholes for convenient access to the interiors of the various drums and the tubes.

The manner in which I combine these parts and the method of their operation so as to secure the practical application of the principles stated above may be described as follows:

I. lllovemcnts of steam and water currents- From the feed storage and heating space A, into which it is fed by the feed-water-inlet pipe S, the water descends through the feed-heating tubes G into the mud-drum B, and, rising through the steam-making tubes 1I, it fills the steam diseugaging and storage space C up to the designed water-level. As the gaseous products of combustion, guided by the plate or wall T, pass from the furnace M to their outlet N the heat is absorbed bythe bank of steam-making tubes II and the bank of feed-heating tubes G and the contained water. Steam is consequently generated in the tubes, the currents or streams of steam-bubbles rising into and through the water in the steam disengaging and storage spaces above, being liberated at the Waters surface and flowing thence to the steam-outlet Il. As the various banks of tubes are unequally heated, unequal expansion of the contained water follows, and the mingled columns of water and steam are lightest in those tubes most exposed to the heat. Consequently a more or less active circulation would tend to arise through the drum XV from the hotter space C into the cooler space A and thence through the tubes G, the mud-drum B, and the tubes II back into the space C. Such a circulation, for many reasons, I desire to prevent, and hence place across its path a dam or partition F, with its upper edge so placed with reference to the proposed high-Water level of the boiler that no Water can fiow over it under ordinary conditions of working. Thus the water is compelled to flow from the feed storage and heating space A through the muddrum B to the steam disengaging and storage space C, and any steam generated in the feedheating tubes G and risinginto the feed storage and heating space A can flow over the upper edge of the dam or partition F, which thus directs and controls the steam and water currents as I'desire.

Il. Deposition and ejection of feed-water mpurites--l3y reason of the above-described direction and control of the steam and water currents it is evident that all the water entering at the feed-inlet S to replace the steam withdrawn at the outlet L must necessarily pass through the feed-heating tubes G into the mud-drum B. As the total sectional area of the entire bank of tubes G is very much greater than that of the feed-inlet S, the motion of the descending currents of water therein is very slow, and under ordinary ruuning conditions ample opportunity is given for the raising of the temperature of the descending feed-water up to or above the boiling-point, due to the pressure existingin the boiler. Consequently any of the ordinary sedimentary or scale-making materials carried in the water are heated up to or above their points of separation, disassoeiation, or precipitation, and they are therefore during the slow drift of the water across or through the mnd-drum quietly and eifectually deposited therein, from whence they can conveniently be ejected by means of the blow-off pipe R. As the total sectional area of the entire bank of steam-making tubes II is much in excess of that of the feed-heating tubes G, the currents out of the mud-drum and into the steam-making tubes are necessarily also very slow, as only enough water to replace the steam withdrawn can rise therein.` No tendency, therefore, exists to disturb the comparatively heavy sedimentary or scale-making materials deposited in the mud-drum or to lift them up into the steam-making tubes, which are hence always clean and free from deposits of scale.

III. Substitution of new tubes for oZdr-To provide for this, I space the tubes or the rows thereof, or both, far enough apart from each other and the side and `end Walls of the setting to allow a tube of like or greater dimensions to be passed freely between and build in the brick Walls of the setting two or more openings-such as O P P', dre-provided with doors and frames and so placed that through some one, or by the use of a pair of them,any tube may he removed and replaced without disturbing any other tube or the brick-Work IOO IIO

of the setting or of the defiection plates or walls T.

As I do not desire to confine myself to the one simple arrangement of parts, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but have devised and invented the combination of parts necessary to carry out the practical application of `the essential principles as laid down above in order to utilize the same in a type or system of watertube steam-boilers better adapted than many others to meet varied requirements and services, I show, therefore, in the hereinafter-described figures various otherarrangements of parts, in which for some of the parts their mechanical equivalents are substituted, for others their relative positions are changed, While some are divided and some duplicated, but all of which arrangements contain the same combination of parts and in which arrangements similarly-lettered parts perform precisely similar functions to those performed by the parts with like letters, the functions of room for another bank of steam-makingtubes I-I.

Figs. 4 and 5 show two elevated drums simi- Y lar to W, connected together by a steam-drum C at right angles to their main axes. This .steam-drum C takes the place of the steam storage and disengaging space C in Fig. 3. In this case it is evident that the orifice E in the shell of the steam-drum C, with its lower edge above the designed high-water level of the boiler, is the exact mechanical equivalent of the dam or partition F and fully performs all its functions in directing and controlling the water and steam currents, and can therefore be used interchangeably therewith when convenient. .Two lower mud-drums parallel to W are shown connected by a third muddrum B at right angles to their main axes.

In Fig. 6 the same arrangement is shown as in Figs. 4 and 5, except that an additional bank of steam-making tubes H and the necessary additional orifices or partitions are used.

In Figs. 7 and 8 the drum NV of Fig. l is replaced by two drums elevated at or about the samelevel with their main axes approxi,

covers the orifice E or contains the partition- F. A single mud-drum only is shown; but two or more may be used.

In Fig. 9 the same arrangement is shown as in Figs. 7 and 8, except that an additional elevated steam-drum C is connected to the drum C by an additional connecting-dru m D', another lower muddrum B is added, together with the additional banks of steammaking tubes H and H and the bank of tubes K, connecting the mud-drums B and B. The necessary orifices E or partitions F are covered by or Aplaced within the connectingdrums D and D. It is evident, also, that in such arrangements of parts as are shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9 the separation of the feed heating and storage space A and the steam disengaging and storage spaces C and C and their distribution into several and separate drums make it possible by connecting those drums only above their designed high-water level to so direct and control the Water and steam currents as to prevent the setting up of any backtlow or return-current of water from the steam disengaging and storage space or spaces to or toward the feed storage and heating space, in which case the row-of tubes Z, (shown in dotted lines in Figs. 7, 8, and 9,) having both endsA of each tube above the designed high-water level in the drums, or a single tube in a like position, becomes by virtue of its position and use the exact mechanical equivalent of the orifices E and the partitions F and fully performs all their functions, as shown in the same and previous iigures, and as described above, and such a tube or a row of them, or rows thereof similarly placed, may be used interchangeably with said orifices or partitions when convenient. The word dam is used in the claim as a generic term to indicate either the partition F, orifice E, or tube or tubes Z.

In the various arrangements shown in the foregoing figures the parts lettered M, N, L,

and V remain practically unchanged, being for present purposes unimportant. Parts O, P, and Q and their duplicates are placed in the several positions in the brick-work of the setting, as convenience in their described uses may dictate. Parts R, S, and T are in some cases duplicated. Part U takes any convenient shape and style as may be determined by the general contour of the arrangement of parts it may happen to surround or support. The deliective wall or plate T in some instances rises from the bottom of the structure and in others depends from the top, and in some cases both arrangements are used.

I am aware that prior to my invention water-tube steam-boilers have been in use of a type seemingly similar to that shown in Figs. 7, S, and 9, having two or more elevated steam and water drums, together with one or morel lower mud-drums, and connected thereto by water-tubes; but, aside from the indirect connection afforded by such water-tubes, the direct connection between the two or more. elevated steam and water drums has hitherto always been made by rows of bent tubes, of which some connect the steam-spaces above highwater level and some connect the water-spaces below low-water level of the upper drums, respectively. As the currents of water are free in such a boiler to pass in either direction from drum to drum through the rows of submerged connecting-tubes, any unequal heating and expansion of the water contained in the various banks of water-tubes inevitablyv sets up through and between the elevated drums a more or less active backflow or returncurrent of water from the hotter steam disengaging and storage space to or toward the cooler feed storage and heating space, thus stirring up the contents of the mud-drum and carrying them into the water-tubes and preventing their quiet'and efficient deposition and easy ejection. Such a manner of con. nection between the upper drums does not and cannot therefore direct and control the steam 'and water currents properly, as does the Vuse of the partition F, the orifice E, or the steam-tube Z, which I have devised and described hereinbefore.

'What I claim as new and of -my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1.- In a water-tube steam-boiler, the combination of an elevated feed-waterand steam IOO IIC

chamber, a mud-drum, feed- Water-heating,r tubes leading from the feed-chamber down to the mud-drum, an elevated steam disengagingr and storage chamber, steam-generating tubes leading from the mud-d ru m tothe steamdisengaging chamber, and a dam separatingr the elevated feed-Water chamber from the steam-disengaging chamber, substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. In a Water-tube steam-boiler having an elevated feed-water chamber. an elevated si eam-disengaging chamber, and a mud-drum, the combination of the feed-Water chamber mud-drum, and steam-disengaging chamber, with a feed-Water-inlet pipe, feed-water-heating tubes leading from the elevated feed-water chamber down to the mud-drum, the said tubes having a total sectional area greater than the sectional area of the inlet-pipe, and steam-generating tubes leading from the In uddrum up to the elevated steam-disengaging chamber, the total sectional area of such steam-generating tubes being `greater than that of the feed-water-heating tubes, substantially as and for the purposes described.

In a Water-tube steam-boiler, an elevated feed-water and steam chamber, a mud-drum, and an elevated steam discngaging and storage chamber, in combination with a second steam disengaging and storage chamber sep arated from the first steam disengaging and storage chamber by a dam, and feed-waterheating tubes con n ecting the feed-Water cham ber with the mud-drum, and steam-generating tubes connecting the mud-drum With the elevated steam disengaging and storage chambers, substantially as and for the purposes described.

4. In a Water-tube steam-boiler, two or more elevated drums or receptacles connected by a cross-drum or receptacle and divided by dams into 'feed-water and steam disengagging,r chambers, in combination with feedwaterbeating1 tubes leading from the feed-water chambers down to a mud-drum space, and steam generating tubes leadinf,r from the -mud-drum space up to the steam-disengagingr chambers, substantially as and for the purposes described. Y

In testimony whereof I have set my hand hereunto in the presence of two Subscribir@r Witnesses.

MINOR SCOVEL. Witnesses:

WALTER J, M ULLINs, JOHN MCSWEENEY. 

